Interfacing lcd 16x2 with Arduino

Liquid Crystal Display:

                 A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals do not emit light directly, instead using a backlight or reflector to produce images in color or monochrome.

          16 represents number of columns and 2 represents number of rows.

                

Pin Description:

Hardware Required:

•  Arduino &USB cable
•  16X2 LCD
•  Bread Board
•  Connecting Wires

Connections:

Arduino program to print Hello World!:

	#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
	// initialize the library by associating any needed LCD interface pin
	// with the arduino pin number it is connected to
	const int rs = 12, en = 11, d4 = 5, d5 = 4, d6 = 3, d7 = 2;
	LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7);
	void setup() {
	// set up the LCD's number of columns and rows:
	lcd.begin(16, 2);
	// Print a message to the LCD.
	lcd.print("hello, world!");
	}

view raw LCD hosted with ❤ by GitHub

Working Model.......

   

                     

               Thanks for Watching..........

Interfacing Ir sensor with Arduino

SENSOR:
     Sensor is an electronic device which converts physical quantity(temperature,object....)into electrical quantity(voltage or current). 
  
      Okay...Now we are going to see how to detect the obstacle using arduino hardware.

Hardware Required:

• Arduino uno
• IR sensor
• Light Emitting Diode(LED)
• Bread board
• Connecting wires

Connections

1. Connect Arduino 5v pin to IR sensor Vcc.
2. Connect Arduino GND pin to IR sensor GND.
3. Connect Output pin of sensor to arduino pin 7.
4. Connect Anode(+) of LED with pin 13 and Cathode(-) with arduino GND pin.

IR Sensor:

        An Infrared sensor is an electronic device,that emits in order to sense some aspects of the surroundings.An ir sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the motion.

Working Principle:

     A transmitter is transmits the infrared light signal ,when object is presented a transmitting signal is reflected then a receiver receive the reflected signal.Then it convert physical quantity into electrical quantity. 

                                               Turn ON your device

Working....

            

                                                IR sensor interfaced with arduino.

                                               Arduino IDE serial monitor
  Arduino code ↓↓

	int LED = 13; // Use the onboard Uno LED
	int obstaclePin = 7; // This is our input pin
	int hasObstacle = HIGH; // HIGH MEANS NO OBSTACLE
	void setup() {
	pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
	pinMode(obstaclePin, INPUT);
	Serial.begin(9600);
	}
	void loop() {
	hasObstacle = digitalRead(obstaclePin); //Reads the output of the obstacle sensor from the 7th PIN of the Digital section of the arduino
	if (hasObstacle == LOW) //LOW means something is ahead, so illuminates the 13th Port connected LED
	{
	Serial.println("Stop something is ahead!!");
	digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);//Illuminates the 13th Port LED
	}
	else
	{
	Serial.println("Path is clear");
	digitalWrite(LED, LOW);
	}
	delay(200);
	}

view raw Arduino code hosted with ❤ by GitHub

Prototyping Model
            When IR sensor is detect the obstacle the led will glow.

                     

THANK YOU FOR WATCHING!!!

How many different sensor in smart phone?

There are many different sensors in your smart phone.A smart phone function is based on different sensors.

1)Accelerometers:
  This sensor present in all smart phone.Accelerometers(gravity sensor)are device that can measure acceleration(the rate of change in velocity),but in smart phone they are able to detect changes in orientation and tell the screen to rotate.It indicates in mobile settings as Portrait or auto rotate mode.

2)Proximity sensor:

        It presence nearer to the primary camera in your phone.It is a infra red light.It is turn off screen when you pick the call and you dial the call.Due to this save the charge in your phone.

3)Light sensor:

         In smart phone the light sensor is to adjust display's brightness automatically.It increase the display's brightness automatically when sunlight is high or in outdoor.It decreases the display's brightness automatically when mobile in indoor.It presence in all smart phones.

4)Gyroscope sensor:
         
          It is an advance of accelerometer.The gyroscope is a sensor that can provide orientation information as well,but with greater precision.And it also can tell how much phone has been rotated and in which direction.It also used in google's sky map.

5)Barometer:

         Barometer is a sensor that can measure atmospheric pressure.Data is measured by it is used to how high the device above sea level,Which in turn results improved GPS accuracy.

6)Magnetometer: 
  
          The digital compass that's usually based on a sensor called as magnetometer provides mobile phones with a simple orientation in relation to the earth's magnetic field.As a result,your phone always knows which way is north so it can auto rotate your digital maps depending on physical orientation

7)Thermometer:

          Thermometer is sensor that can measure temperature in inside of your mobile phone.
8)Pedometer:

          Pedometer is a sensor which provide health data of mobile user.

As well as you know some sensors like,
       
     1)Finger print sensor
     2)Heart rate sensor  
     3)Camera sensor
     4)Mike sensor             

       

           

How does Touch screen works in your mobile?

   10 years ago,we are using keypad mobile phone like Nokia 6100,3315 6600,etc.,and most of people use land line for communication.But,now-a-days most of people using android or iphone.A touch screen first start with iphone and it came 11 years back with a full touch screen.Only some people know how touch screens are work.So,in this post clearly explain about how does touch screen works in your mobile phone.

Two types of touch screen presents:

                   

              1. Resistive touch screen

              2. Capacitive touch screen

        Both type principle are same as,Change in electric signal processor finds where touch happen.In resistive touch screen,a electric signal develops by pressure of touch where as in capacitive touch screen a electric signal develops by conductivity of finger.

RESISTIVE TOUCH SCREEN:

              It is the first type of touch screen.In this type,it has two layer as upper and lower.A upper layer is flexible and transparent layer and made by polyethylene.A lower is strong material and it is made by glass.

     

A upper layer is called resistive layer because it does not able to conduct.A lower layer is conductive layer and it does able to conduct electricity.A metal coating is provided to lower layer for to conduct electricity. 

This two layers are separated by spacers.Always a conductive layer is connected with source.When we touch the resistive layer,a upper layer touch the capacitive layer due to pressure of touch.So voltage magnitude is varied in conductive layer.A touch screen processor converts voltage to X-Y co-ordinates.

It is very cheap ,strong and simple method.But it does not allow multi touch and need to press hard.

CAPACITIVE TOUCH SCREEN:

           

This type touch screen is used in mobile phones.It has many layers.A upper layer is protective layer where as lower layer has two layer,one is driving lines layer and second layer is sensing lines layers.
These two layer made as grid using thin size of conductive material.

The meeting point of driving lines layer and sensing layer has electrostatic field.It is already stored in processor as 'neutral' or 'zero(0)'.Our fingers carry charge and the grid layers are conductive when we touch the screen,so changes occur in electrostatic field.Based on change processor finds X-Y co-ordinates.In this type allows multi touch,swipes.

Basics of Electricity

CHARGE:
    The most basic quantity in electronic circuit in the electric charge (or)Electric property of atomic particals.

CURRENT:
     Current can be defined as rate of flow of charge in electric circuit or flow of electrons.

         1)Alternating Current(AC)
         2)Direct current (DC)

VOLTAGE:
             Voltage is the difference in charge between two points

RESISTANCE:
           Resistance is a material's tendency to resist the flow of charge

CAPACITANCE
              Capacitance is the ability of a component or circuit to collect and store energy in the form of electrical charge.

DIODE
          Diode is a semiconductor device that essentially acts as one way switch of for current.
          Its simply called as electronic switch.

FREQUENCY
           AC frequency is the number of cycles per second in alternating current(ac) sine wave.
                                   (or)
            Frequency is the rate at which current changes direction per second.
              1 hertz=1 cycle per second

TRANSISTOR

         Transistor is a device that regulate current or voltage flow and acts as a switch or gate for electronic signals.

INDUCTANCE:

              Inductor is a passive electronic components that stores energy in the form of magnetic field.